Introduction to conceptual bases nursing free essay sample

Definition of nursing science 2. Four basic concepts that affect and determine the nursing practice (1) Human being (2) Environment (3) Health (4) Nursing Human being 1. The human being is a uniform whole (entirety) (1) Concept of a whole (2) The uniform whole of human being 1)Physiological 2)Psychological 3)Social 4)Spiritual 5)Cultural 3. The human being is an open system (open whole) (1) Close system (2) Open system 4. The scope of human being in nursing (1) Individual (2) Family (3) Community (4) Society Basic goal of human being: To maintain the balance of organism (1)Balance among subsystems of an organism (2)Balance between organism and its environment (internal environment and external environment) 2. Basic need of human being (1) Definition of basic need 1) Need 2) Basic need of human being (2) Types of basic need 1)Physiological need 2)Social need 3)Affective need 4)Cognitive need 5)Spiritual need (3) Characteristics of basic need 1)Approximately same basic need 2)The importance of each need for each person is different 3)All the basic needs are interconnected and interactive Factors that affect meeting needs 1)Physiological elements 2)Emotional elements 3)Knowledge and intellectual elements 4)Social elements 5)Environmental elements 6)Individual elements 7)Cultural elements (5) The theory related to basic needs —Maslow’s hierarchy theory of Basic needs for Human Being 1) Theory’s basic content a)Physiological needs b)Safety needs c)Love and belongingness needs d)Self-esteem needs e)Needs for self-actualization 2) Basis for need’s hierarchy a)Importance of needs b)Sequence of need’s appearance 3) General rules 4) Significance to nursing To identify client’s unmet needs b)To realize and understand client’s words and behaviors c)To predict client’s unspoken needs d)To collect client’s data comprehensively in case of missing e)To put client’s nursing problems in adequate order 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction to conceptual bases nursing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Growth and development of human being (1) Definition of growth and development 1) Growth:a increase on amount in physiological aspect. a)height b)weight c)age 2) Development: (a)Definition: a changing process in physical and psychological aspect along with age’s increase and interaction between individual and its environment. Characteristics of development: a) in order b) predicted c) persistent d) as a result of learning and a symbol of maturation e) holistic (physiological, psychological, social ) 3) Maturation: (a) narrow definition: the process of the growth in physiological aspect and the potential in developmental aspect were exerted fully (b) generalized definition: a individual has not only obtained full development in physiological aspect, but also put up many mature behaviors. (2) Content of growth and developmenT.

English Final Essay

English Final Essay English Final Essay Poor Police Performance Does the name William J. Whitfield 3rd ring a bell with anyone? Will Whitfield is just one of many unsuspecting victims of a police officer who has performed poorly. Whitfield was shot and killed in a supermarket in 1997 by a New York police officer that had mistaken Whitfield’s keys for a gun (Police Brutality†¦  ¶1). The cause for this â€Å"lash-out† as some may see it could be closely related to stress. Police officers may not realize that they could be in a situation exactly like the officer and Whitfield. Many officers will make it into the force and become successful people of law. As always, there are two sides to every sword. Although the other side of the tracks may seem harsh, the un-successful officers do have options at overcoming whatever it is that causes poor performance. Police officers have many methods of improving performance. However, some of them are not safe methods. Methods such as extreme alcohol or drug use are not safe for off icers by any means. Other methods can be illegal, like domestic violence against the wife or kids, or can be very expensive and time consuming. Some methods can just be way too expensive. One area that seems to be overlooked a lot is the short-term versus long-term effect of the methods. Another thing that should be looked at is if the method is practical and ethical. The solution method needs to address these problems and outweigh them enough to where the officer is benefitting. One of the solution methods that can be used to improve police performance would be to visit doctors. By visiting doctors, the officers can achieve an appropriate diagnosis of their performance problem. However, if the performance problem were not medically related, visiting a doctor would be useless. Plus, paying for a doctor every time something is wrong gets pricey. It can be somewhere between $2,500 and $3,000 just for one person yearly (Cost of Health†¦Ã‚ ¶22). The other half of the sol ution that fits with visiting the doctor would be the usage of prescription drugs. Although at first they will help, long term can cause many serious problems, the major one being addiction. Prescription drug addiction causes more than 26,000 fatal overdoses over each year (Szabo  ¶5). By managing how much of the drug you take can help, but the next solution idea seems a lot easier and safer. Stress management therapy is another solution method that is being practiced today by many government workers extending past police officers. Stress therapy sessions aim to educate the police officer in interpreting his/her own reactions to stimuli, resulting in smarter reactions to stress (Franklin  ¶7). If the officers know how their bodies work then they are more able to maintain control over themselves. Plus, it is very safe. A short term, but popular, method to improve performance is to buy new equipment. Who doesn’t want to play with new toys? However, the flaws associa ted with new equipment is the cost and the training to learn how to se the equipment. An example would be the cost of new guns for the whole department. The price of one new Glock 22 handgun is just over $500.00 (Cheaper Than Dirt 47). Now multiply that by however, any people work in that department and that comes out to one nice chunk of change. After reviewing the three options, the best that suits all criteria would be stress management therapy. Stress

Salamander Surgery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Salamander Surgery - Essay Example Utilitarian philosophy upholds the principle of equal consideration of interests such that all things being equal utmost consideration should be given to that which would bring the most happiness and benefit and would cause less pain and suffering. This assumes that creatures of equal characteristics should be given equal consideration. Australian philosopher Professor Peter Singer in 1975 in a landmark article "All Animals are Equal" (475) argues that discriminating against animals as different from humans is nothing different from racism and sexism. There is a lack of consideration for others who may be different in some aspects but are similar in some. He calls this "speciesism", originally quoting Dr. Richard Ryder, referring to the attitude of bias towards the interest of members of one's own species and against those members other species. Citing Jeremy Bentham, founder of the reforming utilitarian school of moral philosophy, Singer contends that the capacity for suffering and enjoyment forms the basis for equal consideration of humans and animals. ... If racists violates the principle of equality by their prejudice against those of other races, and a sexist violates this same principle by favoring the interests of the members of the same sex, similarly speciesists, without considering that both animals and humans are capable of experiencing pain and suffering, allows the exploitation of other species for their own species' benefit. However, the utilitarian perspective may also be used to justify the use of animals in research to some extent. This opinion considers the benefit of animal research in the scientific field over the cost imposed on animals. Ironically as opposed to anti-speciesist stance of Singer, it is the significant differences between humans and animals such as higher cognition and language ability that forms the basis of this justification. Critics of this variation of utilitarian view maintain that it is unjust to justify animal research with that argument as it supposes that animals are willing participants in research oblivious of the real costs of their involvement (Kimmel, 251). The Rights Argument The main argument against the use of animals in research as articulated by Tom Regan in his article "The Case for Animal Rights" (1985) is that all beings "equally" share an "inherent value" as living creatures. Recognition of this inherent value as individuals can lead to recognition of animals of their right to be treated with respect and not inflicted with any pain or anguish. Regan as a self confessed animal rights advocate calls for the following goals (481): The total abolition of the use of animals in science; The total dissolution of commercial animal agriculture; The total elimination of commercial and sport hunting and trapping; Regan attacks the

Critical Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Critical Reflection - Essay Example More importantly, the book showed me that it is possible that it was not only me to blame, and gave me a sense of hope that other students feeling this way now, can be helped more than I was. Rose looks at the foundations of such feelings, starting from the effects of labeling children: â€Å"The designation remedial has powerful implications in education – to be remedial is to be substandard, inadequate† (Rose, 1989, p. 209), and I recognized my own sense of myself, throughout school, in this. When teachers publicly separated me from the rest of my classmates, with good intentions, I am sure, because of the learning difficulty I have, it was devastating. As a Third Grader, my need to belong to the group was great, and the challenges I experienced were not only with the learning difficulty, but equally significantly, with the teachers’ and other children’s perception that I was different. I internalized their view of me and became unconfident and negative about myself and my abilities. At school, my classmates called me names, and I was no longer a â€Å"cool† friend. At home, my mother was supportive, but I could not get away from the feeling that I was disappointing her, because I could not so well at school. This isolation is another aspect of my life that I identified with in Rose’s book – a boy â€Å"Harold† writes: â€Å"I am lost in the woods. I cannot find my way out. I yell and yell. No one answered me. I climbed a tree then I fell out of the tree and broke my arm† (Rose, 1989, p. 119). While my situation was perhaps not as bad as Harold’s, I did see many of my classmates, struggling more than I did, even more isolated from the mainstream. Mike Rose realized that this boy was a lonely child, feeling rejected, and that it was these feelings, more than the boy’s learning challenges that caused him to not be able to perform well academically. This is

Pursuing Growth Opportunities in Business Sector Personal Statement

Pursuing Growth Opportunities in Business Sector - Personal Statement Example As far as my family background is concerned, I was the first in my family to complete a college education, not because I was smart, but because it was my ambition and I was passionate about it. For instance, I took advantage of the available opportunities in pursuit of my dream to become a patriotic soldier who would contribute to prosperity and well – being of my beloved nation. During my tenure at military quarters, I came across with hundreds of new things and worked with thousands of personnel from diverse cultural backgrounds and life experiences. I learned a lot in those years because I had to even work with many military officers; no matter I disliked them from the core of my heart. Nevertheless, patience and tolerance was the biggest lesson I received in the past 30 years in the military. I also pay tribute to my mother and am thankful to my siblings who laid the foundation in my life. My dearest mother and beloved siblings always trained, endorsed and motivated me to make my own decisions with confidence and to never get scared from any extremely challenging and tough assignments or jobs. Indeed, she portrayed a life of Godly and steady fast character. That was what I saw in her throughout life, which in fact, made the difference more than what she communicated and presented to me. My family members taught me not to just become a woman of success, ra ther a woman of value and character who is always extolled and commended. Apart from my dream to become an exalted army officer, I was also interested in university education, more specifically the business studies. I initially had plans to join a business school for a Masters in Business Administration (after college) but then I postponed the idea after multiple growth opportunities in the military. However, the lust and ever-rising internal desire for MBA compelled me to take retirement from the army after 31 years of service and active participation in the stability  of the USA.

Examples Of Soil Pollution Environmental Sciences Essay

Examples Of Soil Pollution Environmental Sciences Essay This Air pollution plays an important role in the life cycle of pollution because air pollution only makes the human beings into lots of defects like asthma, cancer, breathing problem, etc. Not only for the human lives its also affects the animals and greens. When looking to Geographical this Air pollution affects the Ozone Layer and made lots of hole in that and it can cause health problems such as lung inflammation, skin damage, headaches, burning eyes and scratchy throats. High concentrations of certain air pollutants are extremely dangerous and can cause severe injury, cancer, or birth defects. Individuals with respiratory problems, people with heart or lung disease, children, elderly residents, athletes and pregnant women are at high risk for health problems from air pollution. Those who play, work or exercise outdoors breathe pollutants deeper into their lungs, which can increase the chance of negative health effects. Chemicals and particles in the air also reduce visibility and can damage buildings and monuments. Air pollution harms our loved ones, our environment and our property. The frequency of Air Pollution Watch and Warning days indicates our serious (ii) Water Pollution: Water pollution is any chemical. pysical or biological change in thequality of water that has a harmfuleffect on any living thing that drinks or uses or lives in it. When humans drink polluted water it often has serious effects on thier health. Water pollution is not just something that big chemical plants make improvements. This Water pollution also play a vital role in the affects of pollutionthere are sevaral classes of water pollutants; The first are disease-causing agents. These are bacteria, viruses, protozoa and parasitic worms that enter sewage system. A second category of water pollutants is oxygen-demanding wastes; wastes that can be decomposed by decomposed by oxygen-requiring bacteria. When large populations of decomposing bacteria are converting these wastes it can deplete oxygen levels in the water. This causes other organisms in the water, such as fish, to die. A third class of water pollutants is water-soluble inorganic pollutants, such as acids, salts and toxic metal s. Large quantities of these compounds will make water unfit to drink and will cause the death of aquatic life. Another class of water pollutants are nutrients; they are water-soluble nitrates and phosphates that cause excessive growth of algae and other water plants, which deplete the waters oxygen supply. This kills fish and, when found in drinking water, can kill young children. Water can also be polluted by a number of organic compounds such as oil, plastics and pesticides, which are harmful to humans and all plants and animals in the water. A very dangerous category is suspended sediment, because it causes depletion in the waters light absorption and the particles spread dangerous compounds such as pesticides through the water. Finally, water-soluble radioactive compounds can cause cancer, birth defects and genetic damage and are thus very dangerous water pollutants. The safety of our drinking water is often taken for granted in America. In recent years, however, environmentalists and the media have drawn attention to the dangers of ground water pollution and the health risks of lead, chlorine, pesticides, organic chemicals, and various microorganisms that have been found to contaminate our public water supplies. Outbreaks of waterborne diseases are a common occurrence and have involved entire city populations, sometimes leading to serious complications and even fatalities. The potential carcinogenic effects of long-term exposure to certain organic chemicals in our water supplies are under government scrutiny. (iii) Soil Pollution: . Examples of Soil Pollution: Land pollution is the degradation of the Earths land surface through misuse of the soil by poor agricultural practices, mineral exploitation, industrial waste dumping, and indiscriminate disposal of urban wastes. It includes visible waste and litter as well as pollution of the soil itself. Soil pollution is mainly due to chemicals in herbicides (weed killers) and pesticides (poisons which kill insects and other invertebrate pests). Litter is waste material dumped in public places such as streets, parks, picnic areas, at bus stops and near shops. Waste Disposal: The accumulation of waste threatens the health of people in residential areas. Waste decays, encourages household pests and turns urban areas into unsightly, dirty and unhealthy places to live in. Control measure: The following measures can be used to control land pollution: anti-litter campaigns can educate people against littering; organic waste can be dumped in places far from residential areas; inorganic materials such as metals, glass and plastic, but also paper, can be reclaimed and recycled. Two billion hectares of soil degraded According to FAO, human activities have degraded 15% of the earths non-submerged surface. The main cause in the last 30 years has been a desire to boost food production, with erosion being the main threat, affecting 84% of degraded land. Farmland area has grown steadily in developing countries, the exact reverse of what has happened in developed countries. A full 23% of usable land has deteriorated so badly that its productivity has suffered.

Journeys End by RC Sheriff Essay -- English Literature

Journey's End R.C Sherriff uses the characters in his play Journey's End to create tension and drama. In the opening scene Sherriff uses Osborne, an elderly man who is second in command of the company that's coming on duty, and Hardy, the captain of the company that is coming off duty, to set the scene. Hardy starts to do this when pointing out features on a map of the front line, "Here we are, we hold two hundred yards of front line. We have a lewis gun here and one in this little sap here and sentry posts where the crosses are". Sherriff also uses Hardy and Osborne to give an insight into the character, Stanhope's, personality and to describe the living conditions in the front line. He first does this by using the stage directions at the beginning of the play ' CAPTAIN HARDY, a red-faced, cheerful looking man is sitting on a box by the table, instantly drying a sock over a candle-flame, this gives a first impression of the trenches and dugouts being cold and wet. Sherriff then takes this description further when Hardy says "Excuse my sock, won't you... Guaranteed to keep the feet dry, trouble is it keeps getting wet doing it." The living conditions are then further described as poor. When Hardy offer Osborne a drink of whisky but warns him " Don't have too much water it's rather strong today", this gives the indication that the water is unsafe and has to be disinfected. Another indication that conditions were poor, was when Osborne was examining the beds and Hardy blurts out "Oh no that's mine. The one's in the other dugout have no bottoms. You keep yourself in by hanging your arms and legs over the sides. Mustn't hang your legs to low, or the rats gnaw on the boots". Hardy and Osborne provide an in... ...ys in the following way: Stanhope stayed at Raleigh's house in the holidays and was supposedly his friend and he cared about Raleigh and his sister, but doesn't want him in the company in case he becomes injured or even killed. Stanhope doesn't think highly of the Colonel because he only cares about getting a result and pleasing the brigadier and doesn't realise that Osborne is dead until Stanhope says to him in a sarcastic tone "How awfully nice - if the brigadier's pleased." The death of Osborne really shows on Stanhope because he shouts at Raleigh and tells Raleigh to eat his food and have a drink of whisky, basically forcing Raleigh to do stuff. When Raleigh is dying Stanhope completely changes his tune, he tries to comfort Raleigh and says that he will send him home, and after Raleigh passes away he sits there until he is called for and the play ends.

English Exam

I personally think â€Å"Culture Smarts Norway a Quick Gulled to Customs & Etiquette† has managed to capture the Norwegian lifestyle well. The tips are angled in a way for the reader to better understand Norwegian way of thinking and acting. Basic information about the Norwegian people and what values we got, that may be very different from other cultures. Being aware of other cultures values is an important and clever thing to do when traveling abroad. It strengthens your chances of good communication and prevents you from being misunderstood as easily.The only negative thing to say about the text is that It has put a lot of weight on Just explaining why we are so reserved, to help prevent foreigners from misunderstanding us. Of course this is important information, but there could be given more advice on how to otter the communication with us, rather than it mostly being excuses for our rather strange behavior. But don't get me wrong, if I was to write a guide like this, I w ould most definitely mention the same things, but with some enhancements In the communication part.Appease 3. C) Do we really want to know? Weeklies; the weapon that â€Å"leaks out† confidential Information Into the public domain, Information the government Intended to keep secret, and backing the Information with trustworthy sources, as well as making sure the Individual providing the highly classified material remains anonymous. Weeklies has been a hot topic in the media the last couple of years. It's not the information being given that is the main focus, but the fact that the Information is being given.Whether it Is good for the public to know, or if much of the information should be held kept, as intended. I personally appreciate such information. We all know terrible things happens in war, out rapports Ana Tall Dotage snowing emulates Ana Inhuman actions In war, causing death of civilians is something I feel is right for the public to see. To help prevent the governmen t from believing they are untouchable. To help prevent military actions aging lives' of the innocent, without consequences.For each individual, and their rights to know what is going on in the world, this information is best to be official for the public. But is this what's best in the bigger picture? Is much of this information held secret, not only to hide information that is not accepted by the public, but to benefit world peace? Will the leaked information cause bigger consequences for cooperation between countries? Is the reduced trust in our government benefiting us, or is it better not to know? Maybe some of the information from Weeklies is better of being unknown to the public, in order to maintain world order.

Free Essays on The Beatitudes

Description: The beatitudes are eight statements taught by Jesus. They are concerned with virtue and how a believer in Jesus Christ can achieve that virtue. The Beatitudes are a map of life, a series of directives helping us on our journey to be with God. They also designate the actual condition of people who follow God's guidelines. BeatitudesTheir Significance And Meaning They are simply stated, but are profound in meaning. They guide. They point. They teach. They show us the values that Christ cares about. These values if followed, can not only bring a believer into a state of peace and happiness, but also right into the Kingdom of God after our journey on this earth is over. The Latin word for blessed is beatus, from which we get the word beatitude. The beatitudes are found at Matthew 5: 3-12 Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Blessed are they who mourn, for they shall be comforted. Blessed are the meek, for they shall possess the earth. Blessed are they who hunger and thirst for justice, for they shall be satisfied. Blessed are the merciful, for they shall obtain mercy. Blessed are the pure of heart, for they shall see God. Blessed are the peacemakers, for they shall be called sons of God. Blessed are they who suffer persecution for justice sake, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ As you read about each of the beatitudes you might look into your own heart and examine your feelings towards them. Are you trying to follow each one of them? I think you will find that you need a rather humble, almost a childlike attitude towards each one of them if you are to be successful in following them. In fact Our Lord mentioned many times about how we needed to become more like children in our attitude and in our thinking towards many of th... Free Essays on The Beatitudes Free Essays on The Beatitudes Description: The beatitudes are eight statements taught by Jesus. They are concerned with virtue and how a believer in Jesus Christ can achieve that virtue. The Beatitudes are a map of life, a series of directives helping us on our journey to be with God. They also designate the actual condition of people who follow God's guidelines. BeatitudesTheir Significance And Meaning They are simply stated, but are profound in meaning. They guide. They point. They teach. They show us the values that Christ cares about. These values if followed, can not only bring a believer into a state of peace and happiness, but also right into the Kingdom of God after our journey on this earth is over. The Latin word for blessed is beatus, from which we get the word beatitude. The beatitudes are found at Matthew 5: 3-12 Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Blessed are they who mourn, for they shall be comforted. Blessed are the meek, for they shall possess the earth. Blessed are they who hunger and thirst for justice, for they shall be satisfied. Blessed are the merciful, for they shall obtain mercy. Blessed are the pure of heart, for they shall see God. Blessed are the peacemakers, for they shall be called sons of God. Blessed are they who suffer persecution for justice sake, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ As you read about each of the beatitudes you might look into your own heart and examine your feelings towards them. Are you trying to follow each one of them? I think you will find that you need a rather humble, almost a childlike attitude towards each one of them if you are to be successful in following them. In fact Our Lord mentioned many times about how we needed to become more like children in our attitude and in our thinking towards many of th...

A Democrat for Democracy essays

A Democrat for Democracy essays With the poor condition America is facing at the moment, one of the only solutions to the problem of our slipping economy is to elect a different president than the one we have now. A reasonable question that might come to mind is: Who has a good shot at actually winning the vote in the upcoming election? The only other party that has a chance in contending for the White House is the democratic party. The caucuses are over and the democrats elected John Kerry as their nomination. Kerry is an accredited war veteran with views that differ from the current administration. The views Kerry has on Americas security, terrorism, or education could change America into the country it once was. One of the most important issues in the debates yet to come is Americas security. With the reckless foreign policy the Bush Administration has pursued in the last two years, something needs to be done to rebuild Americas security on an international level. In his first one hundred days in office, John Kerry will send a message to the world that the United States has rejoined the community of nations, reaching out to strengthen relationships with NATO, old allies and new partners to create a new global coalition to fight terrorism (Vision 2). Rejoining the world community is clearly first on John Kerrys agenda. America cannot win the war on terrorism by itself. Re-establishing diplomatic relations with the United Nations and the countries America has turned its back on is a giant step in the right direction to secure our country and to help fight terrorism. Terrorism is another key issue that will come into play in the campaign. The idea of terrorism was on the mind of John Kerry before the tragic events of September 11, 2001, and this shows that John Kerry knows what is number one on the list of Americas priorities. When Kerry e ...

Materials Requirement Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Materials Requirement Planning - Essay Example One of these long term benefits of materials requirements planning is the fact that the software involved in materials requirement planning shall serve as a facilitator for the company to even benefit more from commonality because at every point in time, inventory organization is going to be undertaken by the software to ensure that the right allocation of materials and products are in place for production to begin. The system of having to undertake product and material inventory manually and mechanically would therefore be taken care of. Role of commonality and how it benefits the company Going through the models of commonality available to Schwinn Bicycle Company, there are two major roles that the system can be said to be playing for the company. The first has to do with the benefit of overcoming market pressure and the second has to do with assurance of cost reduction for manufacturers. On the benefit of overcoming market pressure, it can be seen that the major idea behind common ality is the ability to interchange components and parts of the bicycles produced with others (The Guardian, 2012). What this means to rate of production is that at any point in time, manufacturers are not obliged to look for the exact component or part that would fit into a specific area of the bicycle in the line of production. Subsequently, the time that spent on searching for parts is incorporated into the actual production time. In a typical example, the search for replacements for steel as against aluminum and aluminum as against titanium can easily be taken care of through the functioning of commonality. Ideally therefore, manufacturers are afforded the luxury of dealing with materials as and when they are available to fit into another component and not necessarily complete a search for a new component. What is more, the company is able to cut down on cost significantly especially when it comes to the cost of labor. Indeed, commonality ensures cost benefit production in sever al ways (Gardener, 2001). In the case of Schwinn Bicycle Company, the company can have the luxury of depending on only a few laborers to get most parts of their production executed because the principle of commonality permits that one employee may play several roles on the production line especially when the use of common materials that can fit into other components are involved (Gardener, 2001). For example within the company’s set up, it would not have to have an aluminum expert as well as a steel expert for the production of crown race. This is because the very laborer who works with aluminum could be trained to work with steel and so the cost of employing two workers becomes saved for the company. Still on cost benefit, it can be said that anytime demand meets supply or even exceeds it because market pressure is beaten by means of commonality, productivity goes high and this results in market revenue. The company therefore has the benefit of completing several units of bi cycles within shorter time frames, sales of which translate into increase in revenue for the company. How materials requirement planning (MRP) is useful to Schwinn One major criticism that has often come up against companies in the line of commonality is their refusal to adhere to the basic principles of materials require

Consonants of the english language Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Consonants of the english language - Essay Example hangeable, more stable, the law of their mutations is more con ­stant, or at least better ascertained, and they frequently re ­main fixed in the written language, after they have been lost or changed in sound. Hence, in researches into the history of language they are of cardinal importance, and consequently have almost exclusively en ­gaged the attention of etymologists, while, on the other hand, their supposed permanence, immutability and distinctness of character have led them to be much neglected. But in fact, consonants are very far from being so well discriminated. It is true that their differences are generally more easily appreciated by the ear, though less easily imitated by the tongue, than those between vowels. The indistinct articulation of consonants in Danish, the con ­founding of the hard and soft sounds of g in some dialects of Arabic, and of I and r in the Polynesian islands, the sep ­aration in Italian and Spanish of consonants are united in English consonants. As a result the words often lose all resemblance from which they originated, and it is the suppression or change of consonants that disguises them. (Ladefoged Peter, 1988 p. 123) Chasm and other words of similar ending are popularly pronounced as dissyllables, and in blossom, be-torn, bosom, and chrisom introduced a written vowel. The consonant m does not readily unite even with a preced ­ing liquid, and hence the vulgar pronunciation ellutn, helium, for rim, helm, and the word alarum for alarm. It is perhaps in this reluctance of m to be linked with a preceding liquid, and the explanation of the suppression of the I balm, calm, and other words of similar ending are found. (Ladefoged Peter, 1988 p. 142) If we talk about the formation of consonants we should point out that sounds are made by modifying an airstream. There are many points at which that stream of air can be modified. Producing a consonant sound depends on the position of vocal folds, they are either opened or closed. If